3\u67084\u65e5\uff08\u5468\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u533b\u6539\u7684\u770b\u4f3c\u6c38\u65e0\u6b62\u5883\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u6218\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6218\u573a\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e94\u5de1\u56de\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u9662\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u6d89\u53ca\u300a\u5e73\u4ef7\u533b\u4fdd\u6cd5\u6848\uff08Affordable Care Act\uff09\u300b\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373\u8981\u6c42\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u514d\u8d39\u4e3a\u60a3\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u9884\u9632\u4fdd\u5065\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u9662\u6b63\u5728\u5ba1\u67e5\u4e00\u4f4d\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u8be5\u88c1\u51b3\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u9884\u9632\u6027\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u8bc9\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u8be5\u88c1\u51b3\u88ab\u6682\u505c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u540d\u5ba1\u7406\u6b64\u6848\u7684\u5de1\u56de\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u540d\u66fe\u5bf9\u524d\u603b\u7edf\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c2010\u5e74\u7684\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u6cd5\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u654c\u610f\u3002\u8fd9\u8d77\u6848\u4ef6\u662f\u7531\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u7684\u96c7\u4e3b\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u63d0\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u6743\u8861\u662f\u5426\u7ef4\u6301\u90e8\u5206\u4f7f\u6388\u6743\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u53d6\u6d88\u6311\u6218\u8005\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u989d\u5916\u8986\u76d6\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u67d0\u4e9b\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u514d\u8d39\u8986\u76d6\u4ee5\u53ca\u67d0\u4e9b\u9488\u5bf9\u5987\u5973\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u9884\u9632\u6027\u4fdd\u5065\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u6b64\u6848\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5e03\u83b1\u5fb7\u4f0d\u5fb7\u8bc9\u8d1d\u585e\u62c9\uff08Bradwood v. Becerra\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u300a\u5e73\u4ef7\u533b\u4fdd\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u91cd\u5927\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u90e8\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6784\u6210\u751f\u6b7b\u5b58\u4ea1\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u6b64\u524d\uff0c\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u8d28\u7591\u8be5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u5e76\u57282021\u5e74\u88ab\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u9a73\u56de\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e94\u5de1\u56de\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u4ea4\u7531\u7b2c\u4e94\u5de1\u56de\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba1\u7406\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u62dc\u767b\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u6c42\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u9662\u64a4\u9500\u7f8e\u56fd\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b98\u91cc\u5fb7\u00b7\u5965\u5eb7\u7eb3\uff08Reed O\u2019connor\uff09\u88c1\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u8be5\u88c1\u51b3\u5371\u53ca\u83b7\u5f97\u4ed6\u6c40\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u7684\u514d\u8d39\u4fdd\u9669\u3001\u67d0\u4e9b\u764c\u75c7\u7684\u7b5b\u67e5\u548c\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u6bd2\u9884\u9632\u836f\u7269\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5965\u5eb7\u7eb3\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u5c06\u7ec8\u6b62\u6839\u636e\u300a\u5e73\u4ef7\u533b\u4fdd\u6cd5\u6848\u300b2010\u5e743\u6708\u751f\u6548\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u9884\u9632\u670d\u52a1\u4efb\u52a1\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u9884\u9632\u6027\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u65e0\u8d39\u7528\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u5411\u7b2c\u4e94\u5de1\u56de\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u9662\u8fa9\u79f0\uff0c\u5965\u5eb7\u7eb3\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u6c42\u6cd5\u9662\u64a4\u9500\u4ed6\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u8be5\u88c1\u51b3\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u800c\u7ef4\u6301\u65e0\u6210\u672c\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u514d\u75ab\u5b9e\u8df5\u54a8\u8be2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5efa\u8bae\u54ea\u4e9b\u75ab\u82d7\u5e94\u8be5\u514d\u8d39\u8986\u76d6\uff0c\u536b\u751f\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u5efa\u8bae\u4e3a\u5987\u5973\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u63d0\u4f9b\u67d0\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u59a8\u788d\u83b7\u5f97\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1
\n\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e94\u5de1\u56de\u6cd5\u9662\u652f\u6301\u5965\u5eb7\u7eb3\u7684\u88c1\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u66f4\u96be\u83b7\u5f97\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9884\u9632\u7b5b\u67e5\u548c\u65e8\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u68c0\u6d4b\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5305\u62ec\u9488\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u5438\u70df\u8005\u548c\u66fe\u5438\u70df\u8005\u7684\u80ba\u764c\u7b5b\u67e5\uff1b\u9488\u5bf945\u81f349\u5c81\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u7684\u7ed3\u76f4\u80a0\u764c\u7b5b\u67e5\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed6\u6c40\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u9884\u9632\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u75c5\uff1b\u9488\u5bf9\u5b55\u4ea7\u5987\u7684\u4ea7\u540e\u548c\u5b55\u671f\u6291\u90c1\u9ad8\u5371\u4eba\u7fa4\u63d0\u4f9b\u54a8\u8be2\u8f6c\u8bca\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u4eba\u7fa4\u63d0\u4f9b\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u9884\u9632\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u5373PrEP\u836f\u7269\u3002\u4e0b\u7ea7\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u300a\u5e73\u4ef7\u533b\u4fdd\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u751f\u6548\u524d\u7531\u9884\u9632\u670d\u52a1\u4efb\u52a1\u5c0f\u7ec4\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u9884\u9632\u6027\u670d\u52a1\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u533b\u6539\u6cd5\u6848\u9881\u5e03\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\u5df2\u7ecf\u6839\u636e\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8bc1\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66f4\u65b0\u88ab\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\u65e0\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e94\u5de1\u56de\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u9662\u6269\u5927\u88c1\u51b3\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u7eb3\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u5c06\u4f1a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d6\u6d88\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u514d\u8d39\u63d0\u4f9b\u6d41\u611f\u3001\u547c\u5438\u9053\u5408\u80de\u75c5\u6bd2\u548c\u5e26\u72b6\u75b1\u75b9\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca70\u591a\u79cd\u9057\u4f20\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u75c5\u75c7\u7684\u5a74\u513f\u7b5b\u67e5\u3001\u598a\u5a20\u540e\u7cd6\u5c3f\u75c5\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u5973\u6027\u5e74\u5ea6\u514d\u8d39\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u9884\u9632\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u5206\u644a\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u6536\u5165\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u6562\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4e54\u6cbb\u57ce\u5927\u5b66\u5965\u5c3c\u5c14\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5168\u7403\u536b\u751f\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08O ‘Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law\uff09\u4e3b\u4efb\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u7279\u5a01\u7eb3\u9a6c\u7279\u897f\u79d1\uff08Andrew Twinamatsiko\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u201c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u5f81\u6536\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u68c0\u67e5\u7279\u5b9a\u75be\u75c5\u4e4b\u524d\u4e09\u601d\u3002\u201d\u6839\u636e\u7f8e\u56fd\u536b\u751f\u4e0e\u516c\u4f17\u670d\u52a1\u90e82022\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u300a\u5e73\u4ef7\u533b\u7597\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc71.5\u4ebf\u62e5\u6709\u79c1\u4eba\u4fdd\u9669\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u5206\u62c5\u8d39\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u83b7\u5f97\u9884\u9632\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u533b\u6539\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u9884\u9632\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e86\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u79cd\u793e\u533a\u7684\u62a4\u7406\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u8bc9\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6cd5\u5b98\u53cd\u5bf9\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u533b\u6539
\n\u4e0a\u8bc9\u5c06\u5728\u4e1c\u90e8\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0b\u53481\u70b9\u5728\u65b0\u5965\u5c14\u826f\u7b2c\u4e94\u5de1\u56de\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u5510\u00b7\u5a01\u5229\u7279\uff08Don Willett\uff09\u3001\u79d1\u91cc\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\uff08Cory Wilson\uff09\u548c\u4f0a\u5c14\u739b\u00b7\u5361\u91cc\u7565\u00b7\u62c9\u7c73\u96f7\u65af\uff08Irma Carrillo Ramirez\uff09\u9762\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u8fa9\u8bba\u3002\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u662f\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u5dde\u6cd5\u9662\u6cd5\u5b98\uff0c \u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u786e\u8ba4\u542c\u8bc1\u65f6\u8c08\u5230\u4e86\u5bf9\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u533b\u6539\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u201c\u4e0e\u62c5\u4efb\u6cd5\u5b98\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u81ea\u6210\u6cd5\u5b98\u4ee5\u6765\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u8fbe\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u201d\u5a01\u5229\u7279\u662f\u7279\u6717\u666e\u4e8e2017\u5e74\u4efb\u547d\u8fdb\u5165\u7b2c\u4e94\u5de1\u56de\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u3002\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u62c5\u4efb\u8be5\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6cd5\u5b98\u65f6\u66fe\u8d5e\u626c\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u5b98\u5458\u5bf9\u6297\u300a\u5e73\u4ef7\u533b\u4fdd\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u62a5\u9053\u79f0\uff0c\u5a01\u5229\u7279\u57282012\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u5168\u6743\u63a7\u5236\u4f60\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\u3002\u201d\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u4e0e\u65f6\u4efb\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u957f\u683c\u96f7\u683c\u00b7\u963f\u535a\u7279\uff08Greg Abbott\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u6b63\u5728\u6311\u6218\u8fd9\u9879\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6388\u6743\u3002\u5361\u91cc\u7565\u00b7\u62c9\u7c73\u96f7\u65af\uff08Carrillo Ramirez\uff09\u4e8e2023\u5e74\u7531\u62dc\u767b\u603b\u7edf\u4efb\u547d\u8fdb\u5165\u7b2c\u4e94\u5de1\u56de\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u786e\u8ba4\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e24\u515a\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n
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